A UK-backed research group has unveiled a design for a liquid hydrogen-powered airliner theoretically capable of matching the performance of current midsize aircraft without producing carbon emissions.
The FlyZero concept envisions a plane carrying 279 passengers non-stop from London to San Francisco at the same speed and comfort as today, the Aerospace Technology Institute said in a statement on Monday. The group, a partnership between the UK government and industry, is meant to accelerate high-risk projects that will benefit home-grown aerospace firms.
Hydrogen propulsion is seen as one of the most promising technologies for achieving carbon-neutral commercial aviation, but it’s expensive, and it will take years to develop the planes and build infrastructure such as airport refuelling capacity.
The UK, which hosted the Cop26 climate summit last month, is funding new technologies to help create aerospace jobs while meeting its climate targets. The government has committed £1.95-billion of funding to ATI since its start in 2013 through 2026, an amount to be matched by industry.
“These designs could define the future of aerospace and aviation,” said business secretary Kwasi Kwarteng in the statement. “By working with industry, we are showing that truly carbon-free flight could be possible, with hydrogen a frontrunner to replace conventional fossil fuels.”
ATI said it expects hydrogen aircraft to be operating from the mid-2030s offering better economics than conventional planes. By early next year, the FlyZero project will publish detailed concepts for regional, narrow-body and midsize aircraft, with technology road maps, market and economic reports and a sustainability assessment, the group said.
Cryogenic fuel tanks
The midsize aircraft being showcased on Monday would store hydrogen at -250°C in cryogenic fuel tanks at the rear of the plane and in two smaller “cheek” tanks along the forward fuselage to keep the aircraft balanced.
It would have a wingspan of 54m, between Boeing’s 767 and 787 twin-aisle jets, and be powered by two turbofan engines.
While Boeing hasn’t set plans for a hydrogen plane, rival Airbus has targeted a commercial airliner for entry into service by 2035. The European company has told the EU that a model carrying more than 150 passengers won’t be in wide use until 2050.
In the meantime, the aviation industry has put its focus on so-called sustainable fuel, which can be blended into the kerosene that powers current aircraft, and battery powered flight, which is limited to smaller craft like air taxis because of the weight of cells.
The aviation industry is under pressure to slash emissions rapidly or face limits to growth, even as breakthrough technology remains years away. Airlines and manufacturers are also contending with ongoing disruption to business caused by Covid-19, which has weakened their financial outlook already. — Siddharth Philip, (c) 2021 Bloomberg LP