The long-orchestrated plan to cement Jay Y Lee’s position atop Samsung Group may put him in jail instead, raising questions about who would step in to run South Korea’s biggest conglomerate in the aftermath.

Prosecutors are seeking Lee’s arrest on allegations including bribery and embezzlement, which if proven could prompt him to relinquish duties at the family business.

Potential replacements include executives running key divisions of the dominant electronics business, as well as a sister — hotel executive Lee Boo-jin. While a long shot, her anointment would mark a seismic shift in the way the nation’s patriarchal empires are run.

After spending years following in his father’s footsteps to the chairman’s seat of Samsung Group, Lee is trying now to avoid the missteps that triggered his father’s two criminal convictions.

Even if the accusations against him involving Korea’s president are proven in court, it’s still possible Lee could return to the company later or even call the shots from behind bars, just as executives from Hyundai Motor and SK Group have done.

“Chaebol executives have a history of managing from jail, whether it be via lawyers or secretaries visiting them,” said Lee Kyung-mook, a professor at Seoul National University’s Graduate School of Business.

It’s a perilous practice that a person can take over a company just because he or she was born to a successful father

Samsung declined to comment when asked about a potential leadership vacuum.

A court hearing is scheduled for Wednesday to determine whether to approve the prosecutor’s request for an arrest warrant. Whether the warrant is granted or not, prosecutors would continue their probe, with a possible indictment coming later. Lee testified last month that he never ordered donations to be made in return for political favours.

Shares rebounded on Tuesday after a two-day decline.

Lee’s potential arrest in the scandal surrounding President Park Geun-hye is another calamity for the vice chairman of Samsung Electronics, the largest maker of mobile devices.

Last year, the company pulled its Galaxy Note7 smartphone off the shelves because some devices burst into flames. The debacle cost Suwon-based Samsung an estimated US$6bn and a competitive advantage before Apple released its iPhone 7 models.

Lee, 48, has had trouble matching the success of his father, Lee Kun-hee, who transformed Samsung Electronics from a copycat appliance maker into a global powerhouse in TVs, smartphones and memory chips. The elder Lee — South Korea’s richest man — suffered a crippling heart attack in May 2014, and Samsung shares fell that year and the next before recovering in 2016.

“It’s a perilous practice that a person can take over a company just because he or she was born to a successful father,” opposition lawmaker Park Yong-jin said. “The biggest problem with our economy is that people with unproven skills run its biggest companies.”

Lee doesn’t play the role of day-to-day manager, depending rather on co-CEOs and other top managers to handle those responsibilities. But employees and shareholders depend on him to provide strategic guidance when it comes to decisions like the next big bets in technology or potential acquisitions.

After the elder Lee’s collapse, executives including JK Shin, who is in charge of the smartphone division, handled daily operations for Samsung Electronics.

The son became de facto leader of the group, which then embarked on an intricate reorganisation to solidify his control. Prosecutors want to know if that effort involved making payments to a presidential confidante in exchange for government support.

The corporate governance at Samsung could remain awkward for an extended period of time, and that would increase uncertainties

If Lee is imprisoned, he could be replaced by Samsung Electronics’ co-CEO Kwon Oh-hyun, 64, who leads the semiconductor and display businesses. The successes of those two divisions helped propel Samsung to its best operating profit in three years during the quarter ended 31 December.

Another candidate is Yoon Boo-keun, 63, who heads the consumer electronics unit encompassing TVs and appliances.

“He’s part of the trio with Lee and Kwon that has run Samsung Electronics,” said Park Ju-gun, president of Seoul-based corporate watchdog CEOScore. “Samsung could be run as if that trio were still intact.”

It also would be “natural” for Lee Kun-hee’s eldest daughter to be considered, said Chung Sun-sup, who runs corporate researcher Chaebul.com.

Lee Boo-jin, 46, is CEO of the luxury Hotel Shilla chain, which is on track to post revenue growth for a sixth straight year, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. She owns 5,5% of Samsung C&T, one of the biggest shareholders in Samsung Electronics.

“Some speculate she could practically take over, but being a large shareholder doesn’t mean she could run a massive company like Samsung Electronics,” Chung said. “Realistically speaking, Kwon may be the one.”

Lee Kyung-mook, the Seoul National University professor, also identified her as a candidate to manage the conglomerate, albeit temporarily.

A daughter taking over Samsung would break with tradition in South Korea, where sons succeed fathers at the chaebol that dominate the economy. Still, Samsung has been a trailblazer in doing away with old business practices and hiring women aggressively.

“Lee’s sister may briefly take the reins, but there’s little chance she’d take over permanently given she has fewer shares in the firm than her brother,” the professor said.

The youngest surviving daughter, Lee Seo-hyun, is an executive at Samsung C&T.

Lee’s sister may briefly take the reins, but there’s little chance she’d take over permanently

In the meantime, Jay Y Lee may miss the window of opportunity to succeed his father as parliament moves to make it harder for Samsung to use its own shares to help him consolidate control, said Heo Pil-seok, CEO at Midas International Asset Management in Seoul. That could make the stock more volatile.

Park, the lawmaker, submitted a bill nicknamed the “Jay Y Lee Law” to prevent financial firms from supporting the types of internal mergers orchestrated to help Lee boost control.

“The corporate governance at Samsung could remain awkward for an extended period of time, and that would increase uncertainties,” Heo said.

The elder Lee’s criminal convictions — in 1996 for bribing a former president and in 2008 for embezzlement and tax evasion — may work against his children. During a parliamentary hearing before President Park’s impeachment, Jay Y Lee acknowledged that someone else may take over the collection of about 60 divisions with combined revenues equal to about one-fifth of South Korea’s GDP.