New Wits-built app to warn South Africans of pollution spikes - Bruce Mellado — Bruce Mellado

Scientists at the University of Witwatersrand have designed South Africa’s first app to warn residents of pollution levels, as Johannesburg suffers a spike in coal emissions in recent weeks, causing breathing problems and other health issues.

Africa’s wealthiest city lies not far from the country’s coal mines and the rotten-egg smell of sulphur has often been present in the air.

Environment minister Willie Aucamp attributed the stink afflicting Johannesburg to hydrogen sulphide emissions from mining and industrial operations as far as 400km to the east.

“This [sulphurous smell] came from mines that exceeded their emissions,” Aucamp said in an interview in Johannesburg. “We don’t know which specific mines yet. Investigations are still ongoing.”

The app, launching later this year, uses data from hundreds of air-monitoring systems. It sends out notifications and advises residents on protective measures like wearing a mask during pollution surges, although masks only help with smog and soot, not gases like sulphur compounds.

Coal employs tens of thousands of people, provides more than three-quarters of South Africa’s electricity and a quarter of its liquid fuels, converted from coal by Sasol.

Pollution spikes

Bruce Mellado, a researcher who pioneered the app, SACAQM (South African Consortium of Air Quality Monitoring), said their system had picked up a growing frequency of pollution spikes. (Mellado was a guest on the TechCentral Show in 2024 — watch it here or below.)

South Africa’s two biggest polluters, Sasol and state-owned utility Eskom, were granted extensions to emissions exemptions in 2025. Their largest facilities lie east of Joburg.

Read: Eskom’s pollution disaster laid bare

Sasol spokesman Alex Anderson said in an e-mailed response to questions that “no operational incidents or abnormal process conditions have been identified that would indicate an uncontrolled or atypical release” of sulphur emissions. Eskom did not respond to a request for comment.

Authorities point to the need to balance environmental and economic imperatives when justifying lax air quality enforcement. Activists say that underestimates the economic cost of pollution-related disease.